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Soil Remediation
Remediation Period
On-site Remediation Method
Oil pollutants
Soil cultivation, soil cleaning, thermal desorption, and chemical oxidation
Non-oil pollutants
Soil cleaning, heat desorption, chemical oxidation, etc
Remediation period
Up to 4 years
Soil remediation within the site
(The difficulty of proceeding with site development
projects during soil remediation.)
Off-site Treatment Method (Export Remediation)
Target for off-site remediation
Ministry of Environment Notification No. 2016-260 (Contaminated Soil Subject to Off-site Remediation)
Oil pollutants
Soil cultivation method, etc
Non-oil pollutants
Soil cleaning, heat desorption, etc
Remediation period
Approximately 6 months
Soil remediation outside the site
(no changes to the site development project)
∙ Apply separate methods for high concentration (exceeding countermeasure standards) and medium/low concentration (exceeding concern standards)
∙ Select economic and eco-friendly methods considering the characteristics of oil contamination
∙ Select methods capable of remediating heavy metals (zinc) and oil contaminants
∙ Conduct thorough segregated excavation for contaminated and non-contaminated soil during the excavation process.
∙ Perform process management by tracking and managing contaminated soil throughout the entire process of excavation, transport, and backfilling.
∙ Effectively exclude and treat civil drainage (contaminated groundwater) generated during the excavation process.
| Classification | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | Article 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavior |
Soil contamination pollutant (leakage and spillage of soil pollutants, disposal, prevention) |
Owner, occupant, or operator of the facility subject to soil contamination management (at the time of soil contamination occurrence) |
Person who has succeeded rights and obligations through merger, inheritance, etc. |
Past and current owners or occupants of the contaminated site |
|
Responsibility Relationship |
Actual pollutant |
Deemed as remediation responsible party |
||
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
|
Soil Contamination |
- Contamination of soil due to business activities or other human activities - A state that harms human health, property, or the environment |
|
Soil Contaminants |
- Substances causing soil contamination as defined by environmental regulations
- According to the Soil Environment Conservation Act enforcement regulations, there are 23 types of soil contaminants (refer to the appendix for soil contaminants and standards) |
|
Facilities Subject to Soil Contamination Management |
- Facilities, equipment, buildings, and structures involved in the production, transportation, storage, handling, and use of soil contaminants, or any other that is defined by environmental regulations as likely to cause soil contamination |
|
Specific Facilities Subject to Soil Contamination Management |
- Facilities currently likely to cause soil contamination as defined by environmental regulations |
|
Soil Contamination Survey |
- Investigation of areas exceeding or likely to exceed concern levels to determine the types, levels, and scope of contaminants according to environmental regulations |
|
Contaminated Soil Remediation |
- Biological, physical, or chemical treatment methods to reduce, remove, or neutralize contaminants in soil to mitigate harm |
|
Verification of Soil Remediation |
- Process to verify the types, levels, and scope of contaminants through a contamination survey and confirm remediation responsibility and completion |
Regional Soil Contamination Standards (Article 5)
(Unit: mg/kg, for dioxins: pg-TEQ/g)
| NO | Substance | Region 1 | Region 2 | Region 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Cadmium |
4 |
10 |
60 |
|
2 |
Copper |
150 |
500 |
2,000 |
|
3 |
Arsenic |
25 |
50 |
200 |
|
4 |
Mercury |
4 |
10 |
20 |
|
5 |
Lead |
200 |
400 |
700 |
|
6 |
Hexavalent Chromium |
5 |
15 |
49 |
|
7 |
Zinc |
300 |
600 |
2,000 |
|
8 |
Nickel |
100 |
200 |
500 |
|
9 |
Phenol |
400 |
400 |
800 |
|
10 |
Organic Compounds |
10 |
10 |
30 |
|
11 |
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) |
1 |
4 |
12 |
|
12 |
Cyanide |
2 |
2 |
120 |
|
13 |
Phenol |
4 |
4 |
20 |
|
14 |
Benzene |
1 |
1 |
3 |
|
15 |
Toluene |
20 |
20 |
60 |
|
16 |
Ethylbenzene |
50 |
50 |
340 |
|
17 |
Xylene |
15 |
15 |
45 |
|
18 |
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) |
500 |
800 |
2,000 |
|
19 |
Trichloroethylene (TCE) |
8 |
8 |
40 |
|
20 |
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) |
4 |
4 |
25 |
|
21 |
Benzo(a)pyrene |
0.7 |
2 |
7 |
|
22 |
1,2-Dichloroethane |
5 |
7 |
70 |
|
23 |
Dioxins (including purified dioxin) |
160 |
340 |
1,000 |
Land Classification under Spatial Information Act
Region 1
Areas where the land is used for fields, rice paddies, orchards, pasture, forest, wilderness, large plots (residential), school sites, district, housing, fish farms, parks, social welfare facilities, cemeteries, and children’s playgrounds (except indoors).
Region 2
Areas where the land is used for shops, workshops, warehouses (excluding those in the 1st zone), factories, rivers, water supplies, sports facilities, recreational areas, religious sites, and some mixed-use zones.
Region 3
Areas where the land is used for industrial complexes, parking lots, gas stations, roads, railroads, waste disposal sites, and military facilities (excluding those in the 2nd zone) and some partial military sites.
Other Region
* Other areas designated for public projects and specific areas likely to be contaminated.
* If there is a planned change in land classification, the planned land classification is referenced.
Soil Environmental Assessment
Groundwater Remediation
| Category | TPH | Benzene | Toluene | Ethylbenzene | Xylene | n-Hexane | SS | COD | BOD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Remediation Standards |
1.5 |
0.015 |
1 |
0.45 |
0.75 |
1 |
40 |
50 |
40 |
|
Applicable Law |
Groundwater Law "Domestic Water" Standards |
Discharge Water Standards in 'Clean Areas' per Water Quality Act |
|||||||
|
Treatment Standards |
Groundwater Treatment Standards (mg/L) |
Discharge Water Treatment Standards (mg/L) |
|||||||
– Implement immediate measures to remediate contaminated groundwater and prevent external spread
– Conduct immediate actions in areas where mobile oil is found on roads and sidewalks (preventing spread)
– Select remediation methods that meet groundwater quality standards
➜ Treated water will be recycled as process water and reinjected on-site
Civil Works
– Civil engineering design for soil remediation (construction)
– Excavation design for contaminated soil to prevent spread of contamination
– Safety design through various structural reviews
- Excavate the soil in the direction from upstream groundwater flow to downstream.
- Prioritize excavation of trenches with a width of 80cm or more in 10m units, check the contamination status, and then perform precision excavation.
- Apply partitioning methods to the boundary areas of the site before excavation.
- Sequence of excavation for contaminated soil: prevent recontamination from traffic and contaminated groundwater.
